Co-occurrence of prolonged grief symptoms and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress in bereaved adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

‘Complicated grief reactions’ is an umbrella term covering symptoms of prolonged disorder (PGS) and other post-loss complications, including depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress (PTS). While PGS often co-occurs with PTS, no pooled prevalence estimates their co-occurrence have yet been established. The present systematic review meta-analysis provided PTS based on the available literature, examined possible moderators risk bias. Based 23 included studies, indicated that 70% adults experienced one or more type complicated reaction, 46% two types reactions. Estimates co-occurring were 63%, 54%, 49%, respectively. Heterogeneity was considerable (I2=92.5–95.6), subsequent moderator-analyses showed higher found in studies longer mean time since loss, when assessed interviews compared questionnaires. results should be considered preliminary due to high bias studies. Co-occurring cases reactions prevalent than ‘pure’ co-occurrence. More population-based symptom non-traumatic bereavement are needed.